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📌 The Question:

Which one of the following statements best describes the ‘Polar Code’?

(a) It is the international code of safety for ships operating in polar waters.
(b) It is the agreement of the countries around the North Pole regarding the demarcation of their territories in the polar region.
(c) It is a set of norms to be followed by the countries whose scientists undertake research studies in the North Pole and South Pole.
(d) It is a trade and security agreement of the member countries of the Arctic Council.

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✅ Correct Answer: (a) It is the international code of safety for ships operating in polar waters.

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🧠 Classroom Explanation:

The Polar Code formally known as the International Code for Ships Operating in Polar Waters, was adopted by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) in 2014.

Its purpose is to enhance safety and environmental protection for ships navigating the Arctic and Antarctic waters, which are uniquely hazardous due to:
• extreme cold
• sea ice and icebergs
• remoteness and lack of rescue infrastructure

The Code covers:
✔ ship design and construction
✔ equipment and operational standards
✔ crew training and qualifications
✔ pollution prevention measures

Hence, option (a) correctly captures the essence of the Polar Code.

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🔍 Curiosity Raiser:
Why did the Polar Code become urgent only in the 21st century?

👉 Because melting polar ice opened new shipping routes, sharply increasing accident and pollution risks.

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📚 Enrich Notes (Prelims Gold):

• Polar Code applies to both Arctic & Antarctic waters
• Implemented through SOLAS (safety) and MARPOL (environment) conventions
• Mandatory for most commercial vessels operating in polar regions
• Not a territorial treaty, not a research protocol, not an Arctic Council agreement

UPSC Trap to avoid ❌:
➡ Arctic Council ≠ Polar Code
➡ Scientific research rules ≠ Polar Code

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🪶 IAS Monk Whisper:
When ice melts, rules must harden — safety always precedes speed.