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📌 The Question:
Consider the following statements:

I. Carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions in India are less than 0.5 t CO₂ per capita.
II. In terms of CO₂ emissions from fuel combustion, India ranks second in the Asia-Pacific region.
III. Electricity and heat producers are the largest source of CO₂ emissions in India.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) I and III only
(b) II only
(c) II and III only
(d) I, II and III

✅ Correct Answer: (c)

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🔍 Classroom Explanation:

Statement I — Incorrect
India’s per capita CO₂ emissions are much higher than 0.5 t.

• In 2022, India’s per capita emissions were about 2 tonnes CO₂
• Still below the global average (~4.7 t), but clearly above 0.5 t
  Hence, Statement I is false.

Statement II — Correct

• In absolute CO₂ emissions from fuel combustion, India ranks second in the Asia-Pacific region, after China
• This reflects India’s large population and expanding energy demand
  Hence, Statement II is correct.

Statement III — Correct

• The electricity and heat production sector is the largest contributor to CO₂ emissions in India
• Heavy dependence on coal-based thermal power drives this trend
  Hence, Statement III is correct.

Therefore, Statements II and III only are correct.

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🧠 Curiosity Raiser:
How can India’s per-capita emissions remain low while its total emissions rank among the world’s highest?

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📚 Enrich Notes (Prelims Edge):

• India: Low per capita, high absolute emissions → key climate negotiation argument
• Power sector dominates emissions due to coal-heavy energy mix
• Climate responsibility debates often hinge on per capita vs cumulative emissions

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🕊️ IAS Monk Whisper:
“Climate justice begins where numbers meet context.”