🧷 Constitutional Philosophy of Economic Justice

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📍 THE QUESTION (BOLD AS DIRECTED):

Under the Indian Constitution, concentration of wealth violates

(a) the Right to Equality
(b) the Directive Principles of State Policy
(c) the Right to Freedom
(d) the Concept of Welfare

Select the correct answer.

✅ Correct Answer: (b)

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🔎 Curiosity Raiser (Why UPSC asked this?)

UPSC is testing whether you can distinguish between
👉 Justiciable Rights (Part III) and
👉 Directive Goals (Part IV)

The question is not about illegality, but about constitutional philosophy.

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🧠 Core Constitutional Anchor

📜 Article 39(c) — Directive Principles of State Policy

“The State shall, in particular, direct its policy towards securing that
the operation of the economic system does not result in the concentration of wealth and means of production to the common detriment.”

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🔍 Option-wise Classroom Explanation

Option (a) ❌ Right to Equality

• Article 14 ensures equality before law.
• It does not directly address economic concentration.

👉 Not the correct constitutional basis.

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Option (b) ✅ Directive Principles of State Policy

• Article 39(c) explicitly targets concentration of wealth.
• DPSPs guide the State in creating economic and social justice.
• Though non-justiciable, they are fundamental to governance.

👉 Exact constitutional match.

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Option (c) ❌ Right to Freedom

• Article 19 protects individual freedoms.
• Economic concentration is not framed as a freedom violation.

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Option (d) ❌ Concept of Welfare

• “Welfare” is a broad philosophical idea.
• The Constitution addresses this specifically through DPSPs, not as a standalone concept.

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📌 Why the Answer is (b)

• The Constitution does not criminalize wealth accumulation
• It directs the State to prevent harmful concentration
• This mandate sits squarely in Part IV — DPSPs

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📘 Enrich Notes (Prelims Gold)

• Article 39(c) → Core of India’s socialist economic vision
• DPSPs = Goals, not enforceable rights
• Repeated UPSC theme:
  “Where is the idea placed — Part III or Part IV?”

📌 One-line Recall Trick
Wealth concentration is discouraged, not punished.

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🧘‍♂️ IAS Monk Whisper

Liberty lets you earn,
but wisdom tells the State when inequality begins to wound society.