Science & Environment

Discovery of Epicoccum indicum: A New Fungal Threat to Vetiver (Khus)

🧬 New Phytopathogenic Fungi Identified by BHU Researchers

A new fungal species, Epicoccum indicum, has been identified by researchers at Banaras Hindu University (BHU). The fungus, responsible for an emerging leaf spot disease in vetiver (Chrysopogon zizanioides), highlights the urgent need for proactive plant disease surveillance and management—especially for medicinally important plants.

🔍 Identification and Classification

• The species was confirmed using morpho-cultural traits and multigene molecular phylogenetic analysis.
• It was found to form a distinct clade, separating it from existing Epicoccum species.
• This precise classification led to the naming of the new species as Epicoccum indicum.

🌿 Why Vetiver Matters

• Vetiver, also known as khus, is widely used in Ayurveda and folk medicine.
• Its roots are valued for treating:
  • Pain and inflammation
  • Skin infections
  • Gastrointestinal disorders
• The plant also plays a role in soil conservation, aromatherapy, and cosmetic products.

🍂 Understanding Leaf Spot Disease

• Leaf spot diseases present as necrotic lesions (brown or black spots) on leaves.
• Caused by a variety of pathogens: fungi, bacteria, and viruses.
• These diseases reduce photosynthesis, often leading to leaf drop and yield loss.

🌧️ Conditions That Favour Spread

• High humidity, frequent rainfall, and wet foliage create ideal conditions.
• The disease spreads via:
  • Rain splash
  • Irrigation water
  • Windborne spores
• Understanding these factors is crucial for mitigation and early control.

🦠 Related Fungal Diseases

• Vetiver and other medicinal plants are susceptible to:
  • Downy mildew
  • Blights
  • Rusts
• Prompt identification and fungicide strategies are essential to prevent widespread damage.

🗣️ Etymology Corner: What is Vetiver?

• Derived from Tamil: vetiver means “root that is dug up.”
• In North India, it’s known as khus — distinct from khus khus (poppy seeds).
• A plant rooted in culture and healing, now facing a new microbial threat.

A timely discovery, Epicoccum indicum reminds us of the delicate balance between ecology and agriculture—and the need for science to stay one step ahead in the race against plant pathogens.