🧷 Authentic Classroom Explanation by IAS Monk

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📌 The Question:

Consider the following space missions :

I. Axiom-4
II. SpaDeX
III. Gaganyaan

How many of the space missions given above encourage and support micro-gravity research?

(a) Only one
(b) Only two
(c) All the three
(d) None

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✅ Answer:

(c) All the three

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🧑‍🏫 Authentic Classroom Explanation:

🔹 Mission I — Axiom-4 ✅

Axiom-4 is a private human spaceflight mission to the International Space Station (ISS) operated by Axiom Space.
It explicitly supports micro-gravity research, carrying experiments in:

• Human physiology
• Space medicine
• Materials science
• Biology under prolonged micro-gravity conditions

India has shortlisted astronaut-designates for this mission, strengthening its exposure to ISS-based research.

Hence, Statement I is correct.

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🔹 Mission II — SpaDeX (Space Docking Experiment) ✅

SpaDeX is an ISRO technology-demonstration mission focused on autonomous orbital docking.
Although not a life-science mission per se, it operates entirely in micro-gravity orbital conditions, where:

• Spacecraft behaviour
• Control systems
• Docking dynamics

are inherently studied and validated in micro-gravity.

Thus, SpaDeX supports and enables micro-gravity research indirectly.

Hence, Statement II is correct.

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🔹 Mission III — Gaganyaan ✅

Gaganyaan is India’s first human spaceflight programme.
One of its core scientific objectives is:

• Study of human adaptation to micro-gravity
• Space medicine
• Life-support system performance in zero-gravity

Micro-gravity research is central, not incidental, to Gaganyaan.

Hence, Statement III is correct.

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📌 Therefore, all three missions encourage and support micro-gravity research.

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🔍 Curiosity Raiser:

Why is micro-gravity research so valuable?
Because removing gravity reveals hidden biological, physical, and material behaviours impossible to observe on Earth.

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🧠 Enrichment Notes (Prelims Edge):

• Micro-gravity ≠ zero gravity
  It is a condition of continuous free-fall in orbit
• ISS = world’s largest micro-gravity laboratory
• Gaganyaan experiments focus on:
  • Bone density loss
  • Muscle atrophy
  • Cardiovascular adaptation
• Docking missions like SpaDeX are precursors to:
  • Indian Space Station
  • On-orbit servicing
  • Deep-space missions

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🪔 IAS Monk Whisper:

“When gravity disappears, truth appears — science floats where certainty cannot.”