🧷 Authentic Classroom Explanation by IAS Monk

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📌 The Question:

Consider the following statements:

Statement I: Indian Railways have prepared a National Rail Plan (NRP) to create a future-ready railway system by 2028.
Statement II: ‘Kavach’ is an Automatic Train Protection system developed in collaboration with Germany.
Statement III: ‘Kavach’ system consists of RFID tags fitted on track in station section.

Which of the statements given above are not correct?

(a) I and II only
(b) II and III only
(c) I and III only
(d) I, II and III

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✅ Answer:

(a) I and II only

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🧑‍🏫 Authentic Classroom Explanation:

🔹 Statement I — ❌ Not correct

Indian Railways prepared the National Rail Plan (NRP) for India–2030, not 2028.
Its objective is to create a future-ready railway system by 2030, with a major focus on:

• Increasing rail freight modal share to 45%
• Capacity planning based on traffic demand projections
• Long-term infrastructure and logistics integration

Hence, Statement I is incorrect.

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🔹 Statement II — ❌ Not correct

Kavach is indigenously developed by the Research Designs & Standards Organisation (RDSO) in collaboration with Indian industry, not Germany.
It is a Safety Integrity Level-4 (SIL-4) certified Automatic Train Protection (ATP) system.

Hence, Statement II is incorrect.

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🔹 Statement III — ✅ Correct

The Kavach system does use RFID tags fitted along the track, including station and block sections.
These RFID tags help:

• Identify train location
• Prevent Signal Passing At Danger (SPAD)
• Enable automatic braking when necessary

Hence, Statement III is correct.

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📌 Therefore, the statements not correct are I and II only.

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🔍 Curiosity Raiser:

Why did Indian Railways choose indigenous Kavach over expensive imported ATP systems like ETCS?
Because scalability + affordability + Indian operating conditions matter more than foreign labels.

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🧠 Enrichment Notes (Prelims Edge):

• Kavach key components:
  • RFID tags on track
  • On-board locomotive equipment
  • Station Kavach units
  • Optical fibre / radio communication
• Core function: Prevents collisions by automatic braking if driver fails to act
• NRP-2030 aligns with:
  • PM Gati Shakti
  • National Logistics Policy
  • Dedicated Freight Corridors (DFC)

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🪔 IAS Monk Whisper:

“In public systems, safety is not imported — it is engineered at home.”